The Issue Of Gun Violence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 700 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? Dont you just hate it when you hear about gun violence and how many shootings affected the safety of each and everyone of us in our schools? Well I have something to say about this. Time and time again, our government officials are promising reforms and new laws to protect us kids, but its just the same thing, they keep failing us all. Yes, Gun Control is not the only answer to gun violence. One of my reasons is that there are already laws for the ownership of firearms. Let me mention several of them: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Issue Of Gun Violence" essay for you Create order You need to be at least 21 years old; You are never convicted of crime and went to prison for a year; You need to pass mental and physical (evaluation) testings; You need to keep the firearms out of reach of minor or you will be liable with any crime as a result of irresponsible handling; You cannot carry your firearm outside of your house unless you have special permit. These laws are effective until somebody breaks it and planned to do harm to others. For the record, there have been 247 school shootings from 2013 to 2018. In most instances of these gun violence recorded, minors are able to get hold of their parents firearms and used it to harm students in school. Others are able to buy firearms in the black market. In some States, the background check and mental health evaluation of people trying to buy firearms are not strict enough. Although there are some strict laws to follow with the intention of protecting innocents like you and me. But why is it that gun violence still exist everywhere when we already have existing gun control laws? Well let me tell you There is nothing that we can do to stop gun ownership so people are not trying to find ways to prevent its use, especially one that will result to gun violence in school. For that reason, experts are coming up with simple but effective solutions that they think will stop or reduce the number of casualties and victims in an incident. Here are some of their suggestions: Increase the number of school Counselor with proper training to be accessible to more students with problems; Educate the parents in identifying signs of childs aggressive behavior; Eliminate bullying in school. Bullying turns a good person into a bad and desperate individuals which is the main ingredient of revenge; Increase visibility of Uniformed Men during time that students are outside their school room especially at dismissal; Create school contingency program similar to earthquake drills; Teachers should be armed and trained to use one in case of emergency; School uniforms should be implemented to all K-9 grades to easily identify any outsider; More Team concept in school learning so nobody will feel let out. Loners are at high risk of doing harm to others. Although some people may say Oh guns can protect us for self defense when were being attacked or threatened. Yes I know, but there are many more objects you can use for self defense such as batons, tasers, or pepper spray, at least these items can help you get away and hopefully save you. But gun ownership is a fundamental right of a person protected by the 2nd Amendment of the US Constitution. Nobody can deny you to have if you comply with the requirements. But be aware that owning a gun is already a risk affecting innocent lives of students! Also according to vox.com a student survivor from the latest mass shooting states that They say that tougher gun laws do not decrease gun violence. and I agree since a law wouldnt change people and how they use firearms. So given a chance, I think the simple suggestions I mentioned will make an astounding result in reducing if not totally eliminating school gun violence. Prevention is always better than cure as they say. Those steps are simpler than another law requiring our politicians to vote. Im hoping that actions are now being done and soon to be seen in our school system to avoid another useless loss of young lives which could be mine or anyone in the school around our country.

The Theory Of Biological Psychology - 3330 Words

Introduction Many careers today benefit from the foundational knowledge of biological psychology, some on the form of new understandings of technology and new understandings of brain and body communication. The selected research problem is the effects on stress in the reintegration process and how it can create obstacles when it comes to treating and trying assist reintegrating service members and their families. Using the foundational knowledge compiled from years of research in the field of psychology, neurobiology, and biological psychology. Using research done by other psychologists we will look at a hypothesis created based on the issue and explain how the hypothesis can be verified and the validity of the research. Today there are many careers and areas of expertise that can greatly benefit from the foundational knowledge of biological psychology. The first and most prominent field that comes to mind that can and does benefit from the knowledge provided by biological psychology is the medical field. The reason for this is due to the fact that in the medical field one must have a deep understanding of the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. During surgery if a connection is severed the repercussions could be egregious, the patient could potentially be paralyzed, and the medications administered could have a negative effect on not only the body but also the biochemistry of the brain as well, leading to further complications. Another reason for theShow MoreRelatedThe Biological Theory Of Psychology936 Words   |  4 PagesThere are 5 renowned approaches to abnormal Psychology, each one is unique and have influenced each other in some way. Freud’s approach infuriated p sychologists, Watson felt it was not testable, Carl Rogers (Humanism) rejects Watson’s (Behaviour) scientific method. Some approaches are practiced more than others, they all have their strength and weaknesses, different assumptions and treatments however, the end goal is the same. Finding the underlying cause of abnormal behaviour and applying treatmentRead MoreBiological Psychology1169 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Psychology Kirstyn Mixa PSY/340 November 19, 2010 Brigitte Crowell Biological Psychology As a study, psychology has many branches within itself. Each thought of psychology throughout history has brought about another school of psychology. Psychology or philosophy enthusiasts and scholars alike have taken interests in not only understanding the themes of psychology but have contributed to the creation of another branch. So, of course, somewhere along the line was the dawning ofRead MoreDispositional Essay example1154 Words   |  5 PagesDispositional, Biological, and Evolutionary Psychology University of Phoenix Dispositional, Biological, and Evolutionary Psychology Personality theory has come a long way since its beginning in psychology. Many theorists have based their work on theorists before them, but made changes that indicate that the characteristics of the individual affects the ideas behind their work (Feist, Feist, amp; Roberts, 2013). Comparing dispositional, biological, and evolutionary theories indicates the similaritiesRead MoreBiological Psychology966 Words   |  4 Pages1. Individual Assignment: Biological Psychology Paper †¢ Resources: Assigned readings, Electronic Reserve Readings, the Internet, and/or other sources †¢ Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you analyze biological psychology. Be sure to address the following items in your analysis: o Define biological psychology and examine its historical development. o Identify three influential theorists associated with biological psychology. o Describe the relationshipRead MoreHuman Behavior And Inner Emotion1329 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of theories have been established throughout history to help analyze social behavior in both animals and people. Psychologists use the six main perspectives to better rationalize human behavior and motivation: these perspectives are (but not limited to) the biological, social-cultural, cognitive, developmental, psychodynamic, and behavioral perspectives. These approaches helps psychologists and individuals further their understanding of social behavior and inner emotion. In psychology, a biologicalRead MoreHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1320 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Susan Hardin University of Phoenix Abnormal Psychology PSY/410 Krisit Lane, Ph.D. October 25, 2011 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Historical perspectives of abnormal psychology sounds complicated, mainly due to the differing definitions, or interpretations, of what is considered abnormal. Identifying someone at work or in a social situation who appears to be behaving abnormally is easier to spot than it is to define theRead MoreBiological Psychology839 Words   |  4 PagesBiological Psychology Melissa Thompson University of Phoenix Biological Psychology When most hear the words biological/psychology, many tend to have trouble rapping their mind around it. Psychology is the study of behavior, so how does biology fit into this equation? Well we have to assume that our brain has influence or somehow effects are behavior. In order to prove or disprove this theory, we have to research the biology and psychology of both the brain and our behavior. So how doRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology is defined as the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It was established as a separate discipline during the late 1800s and can be taken back to the time of the ancient Greeks. From around 500BC to 322 BC, Greek philosophers suggested a theory of â€Å"psyche† that is where the word psychology comes from. This meaning the mind, soul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the mos t influential philosophers of their time. However, due toRead MoreThe Qualities Of Myself That Stand Out1557 Words   |  7 Pageshow this is true. We tend to base our characteristics off of the theories such as behaviorist, humanistic, psychoanalytic, biological, and cognitive. Behaviorism is founded in the premise of behaviors that can be described scientifically using facets of philosophy and methodology but also suggesting that theory and not physiological constraints explain the behaviors of humanity. Moore suggests that radical behaviorism is not biological but philosophical in its origin. Moore also contends that virtuallyRead MoreAbnormal Psychology1154 Words   |  5 Pages Abnormal Psychology: The field of abnormal psychology is a scientific discipline that focuses on examining the causes of mental dysfunction or abnormal behavior. Some of the major areas of study in this field include emotional disturbance, psychopathology, mental illness, and maladjustment. This scientific discipline examines abnormal behavior since such actions are expressed due to psychological dysfunction that contains some features of deviance, potential injury, and distress. As various types

Internet and its Extra Gracious Role in the Common Life

Question: Discuss how the internet has impacted information privacy. Answer: The origin of internet was in the 1960s when the US Federal Government commissioned a research to build a robust communication system using computer systems (Bill Stewart, 2000). The first network thus built was called the ARPANET which was the precursor to modern day internet. It was used for communication across regional military and academic networks. Bolstered by the success of this technology, The National Science Foundation Network provided the initial funding along with several other commercial interests which led to the merger of many such networks, which marked the beginning of the transition to modern internet (Peter, Ian; 2004). From 1995 to 2015, the Internet has managed a growth rate which has enabled the number of users to grow a hundred- fold (Treese.org. 1995 and Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2012). The internet captured the imagination of every industry and quickly began to assimilate technology with these fields. Some of them are: Communications media like television, radio and telephony have been completely reshaped by the Internet to give totally new services such as Internet television, Internet Radio and Internet Telephony, Web Conferencing etc. Books, newspapers and print publishers are fast adapting to the internet and converting to web feeds and blogs. Several means of interaction have been made possible by the internet like internet forums, social networking, e- mail and instant messaging. Commerce has gained a massive push due to concepts like online shopping, online trading of shares, commodities, debentures, managing supply chains across continents etc. and helped people across various fields of life including artisans, traders, businessmen and many more. Issues of Privacy: But there is always another side to the coin- everything good also has a bad thing looming over it. All of this development has come with a price. Due to all sorts of personal information being available online due to this digitization and all systems being essentially interconnected to each other, it has become extremely easy for anyone with the technical know- how to extract personal information and other information from the internet without any issues whatsoever. Due to this internet age, privacy has become a myth, irrespective of whether it is voluntary of involuntary. This situation is made even more dire due to the fact that the Internet has no form of centralized governance whatsoever either in the form of technological implementation or the policies required for access and usage (Jonathan Strickland,2014). Every network sets its own policies in this regard which makes it possible to exploit the loopholes involved ( Hoffman and S. Harris, 2006). The internet resources, hardware components and the software components are targeted maliciously in attempts to gain unauthorized control over the network or infrastructure involved in order to cause interruption or access private information. Such attempts include the deployment of computer viruses, which are essentially computer worms capable of replicating themselves automatically, usage of ransom- ware, denial of service attacks, using bot- nets and spyware which gives the deployer information about the activity and typing history of users. Computer surveillance is also a real threat wherein all your data and traffic on the internet is monitored continuously in real- time (Diffie, Whitfield; Susan Landau, August 2008). In countries like the United States, the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act provides the ability to make all phone calls, email, instant messaging, web traffic etc available for uninterrupted and unimpeded monitoring to federal law enforcement agencies (Hill, Michael; 2004 and McCullagh, Declan; 2007 ). Without a question, privacy is the single most important aspect of the internet today and bothers users who are aware of the fact that their internet activities are not secure. And especially since the internet has managed to pervade every single aspect of our lives, there is a necessity for a line to be drawn which helps to protect internet users privacy. Be it with regards to safety of minors and children online or with relation to the e-Commerce transactions, a comprehensive internet privacy act needs to be enacted at the earliest to protect individuals from being exploited by mischief mongers. This is all the more important because any kind of financial transaction requires a person to furnish his/ her personal information which can be exploited to unimaginable levels., which is why it is imperative that we take action to include privacy in such agreements. Several countries like USA, UK and India have governments which have laid down specific guidelines which are to be followed by every citizen when performing online transactions or using the internet. But there are no concrete laws which are difficult to bypass. Existing laws are full of loopholes which can be and are exploited. Internet privacy is the right to have personal privacy with regard to the storing, provision to third parties, repurposing and display of information related to oneself through the internet. Privacy with regards to the internet have been voiced since the beginnings of the internet (E. E. David and R. M. Fano, 1965). Some experts like Steve Rambam, who is a personal investigator who specializes in Internet privacy cases have gone on record to say that internet privacy is a myth and due to the existing state of internet privacy laws, the damage and penetration has been so extensive that it is almost impossible to recover from it. It has also been suggested that privacy is required to protect people from those who are in power, and to prevent the possibility of future abuse of that knowledge (Bruce Schneier, 2006). Risks to privacy: There are several cases where it has been seen that companies are hired to observe which site people log on to and then use this information to perform targeted advertising, which is based on an individuals browsing history. A similar trend is seen with online ravel based companies which track what prices a person have paid for tickets earlier and then fix prices of tickets accordingly, even if the actual rates are cheaper. Social Media: Also directly observed behavior like browsing logs, search tags, social media profiles etc. can be and are used to infer intrusive details of peoples lives such as political views, religious views, race, ethnicity, psychological and behavioral issues, sexual orientation etc. to name a few (Kosinski, Michal; Stillwell, D.; Graepel, T., 2013). Links on social media sites which might seem innocent, sometimes lead to dangerous malware and spyware download sites which can help infect their computers with potentially dangerous software and tracking codes. Even while using smartphones, features like geo- location can be used to track the places a person visits, the time they spend there, the routes used to travel to places and post these details online for anyone to see. Cookies: HTTP cookies are also a major privacy concern. A HTTP cookie is data stored on a users computer to assist in automated access to a website or web features, or other information regarding state required for complex web sites to function optimally. These can also be manipulated to track user browsing habits, search queries etc. Such cookies are used by Google Analytics and are called tracking cookies. Most website developers use them in a legitimate manner, but several cases of abuse have been recorded and observed. In 2009, it was observed that social networking profiles could be connected to cookies which would allow the profiles to be connected to browsing habits and hence for analytical processes. In the past, web sites never informed users explicitly about the usage of cookies which prompted US and European lawmakers to take action against tracking cookies and third party cookies which enabled compilation of long term records f individuals browsing histories. In the past years, user awareness with regard to cookies has also improved which has enabled them to counter the effects of cookies. Which are less effective since modern browsers and modern malware detectors can block and detect. Search Engines: Even though efforts are made to protect identities, and the true identity of a person is not known, a full profile of the member is possible by just using the information available on AOL Search. By just building these records, even without a name to allot it to, the company and learn a huge amount without even knowing their name. Some solutions are available to users to protect their privacy. One such program is called Rapleaf which is a website with a search engine which allows users to keep all their search and browsing history private. Some search engines anonymise Google searches and are called Privacy- focused search engines. Some of them are: MetaGer- A German search engine which has all its servers in Germany, which is a benefit since German legislation tends to give more importance to privacy laws. IxQuick: A Dutch based meta search engine which is also omitted to the protection of privacy. It uses similar features for the safety of its data like MetaGer. Yacy: It is a community project with a decentralized search engine. It uses a peer-to- peer principle that does not need stationary and centralized servers, thus saving on costs and helping it to achieve its goals of reducing hacking problems. There are several other search engines like Duck Duck Go and StartPage which follow similar methods and have the same goals. Several other potential privacy risks are: Malware: It stands for malicious software and is used to define the software that causes damage to a computer, or a whole server, or sometimes even a whole network by the means of a Trojan horse, or spyware, or a virus. Spyware: It is a small code of software that steals information from a computer without the consent of the administrator. Web Bug: It is an object which is embedded within a web page or an inconspicuous mail and is usually undetectable by normal means. It permits the infiltrator to check whether a website or a message has been viewed. Phishing: This is a criminally fraudulent method of attempting to obtain sensitive and personal information such as credit card information, bank account numbers, user names and passwords by tricking users into believing that they are talking to official representatives of their banks or credit card companies. Pharming: This is done by hackers to reroute traffic from websites to totally different internet addresses by changing the host file or hacking into the DNS server and exploiting its vulnerability. Social Engineering: Similar to phishing where people manipulate others to perform certain actions or divulge sensitive information. Malicious Proxy servers: Some servers trick customers while promising to be secure and vouching to protect your information and provide a safe sense of security. When a customer is relaxed assuming that their private information is safe, these servers then use this data for their own purposes. Web RTC: This is a software protocol which is enabled by default in browsers like Google Chrome and Firefox. IT has a particular vulnerability which compromises the integrity of VP tunnels by causing the actual IP address to be read by using a specific process. These and several other concerns are extremely dangerous and need to be addressed by lawmakers as soon as possible. This is of typically paramount importance since it has been made clear over the years that the number of such dangers is increasing and it is getting extremely difficult for normal people to protect against such attacks. One of the major concerns is that of identity theft wherein several innocent people have suffered through no real fault of theirs, except for ignorance. The situation is worsened by the fact that, while we typically assume such attacks to be more rampant on commercial establishments or large corporate houses, the truth is at individuals are more of a target. In 2007, a report by the Internet Security Threat Report stated that about ninety three percent (93%) of such gateway attacks were targeted at individual home users who were unprepared for it. A gateway attack is not a direct attack, but a potential back door to utilize for further exploitation. Solutions: According to (Mediati, N., 2010) and (Larose, R.; Rifon, N. J., 2007)It is possible to a certain extent to curb these issues by updating virus protection software using security settings and privacy settings wisely downloading recommended patches periodically installing strong firewalls screening mails and not responding to those mails which are from unrecognized or suspicious sources running checks for and shutting down spyware controlling cookies wherever possible using encryption software blocking pop- ups Another way of protecting your own privacy is to include the use of VPNs. VPN services use encryption technologies to protect your privacy. This is the same technology which protects banks, and large corporations from tracking and other online dangers. These services allow users to privately send and receive messages, keep browsing history private, encrypt all your traffic, and ultimately enabling sessions to remain completely private. Everything from smartphones to laptops can use VPNs, and once these are established on a device, every browsing session is conducted through the portal provided by the VPN provider which completely blocks any possibility of raking attempts which allows you to safeguard your personal information. However, this is a very difficult proposition since most people have little or no idea as to how to proceed with these issues. An average user with no experience in technology cannot be expected to understand these issues and take action against such dangers, especially when they are getting more sophisticated every day. Several businesses can afford to hire professionals to take care of such issues, but this option is out of reach of the general public since these services are often very expensive and also require a certain amount of diligence on part of the users all the same. Hence it becomes a greater responsibility on the part of the governments across the world to ensure that their citizens are protected from this very real risk of cyber- attacks, information theft, identity theft and lack of privacy. There is a need like never before to clamp down on such unethical and unlawful activities which endanger the quality of life and the peace of mind of citizens. References: Electronic Frontier Foundation (website) Electronic Frontier Foundation (website) The Living Internet, Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000 Treese.org. 1995-11-11 Schneier.com, 2009 Jonathan Strickland,How Stuff Works. 27 June 2014 Internet World Stats. Miniwatts Marketing Group. 30 June 2012 Bruce Schneier (May 18, 2006). Diffie, Whitfield; Susan Landau (August 2008).

Lab Report Zea Mays Sample

Lab Report Zea Mays Paper Lethal alleles are those that fail to successfully code for the proper production of a functional protein that is vital for life. Recessive lethal alleles are mutations that are only lethal to homozygous individuals with two copies of the mutated allele (Castle, 1910) . In humans cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are two examples of recessive lethal alleles. A dominant lethal allele is a mutation that is lethal to any individual that has one or two copies of the allele. Huntington disease is an example of a dominant lethal allele, it is maintained in the population because of the late onset of death. Sub lethal alleles are those that cause death in only some carriers of the gene, an example of this is hemophilia here the male who has an affected X chromosome, will only die if he is affected by trauma to the body, otherwise he will stay healthy. Zee Mays has a lethal recessive allele for albinism; which in homozygous causes a plant to grow with zero chlorophyll and to undergo death very fast. Heterozygous are the carriers for this trait since the recessive homozygous are killed. The heterozygous for the L allele are green since they produce chlorophyll. The aim of the Zee Mays investigation was to distinguish lethal alleles by reviewing observing frequencies in growth. In order to do this, dominant and recessive alleles had o be observed. In Zee Mays deleterious alleles cause a loss of function through the deletion of a vital part of the gene that codes for chlorophyll. Deleterious alleles have a normal phenotype in heterozygous. Deleterious alleles can have a disease fighting effect where it is more beneficial for an individual to have the heterozygous form; this is the case in sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis. In sickle cell disease the heterozygous individual is protected against malaria, and an individual with the CUFF trait is protected from Typhoid. This is known as heterozygous advantage (Uncle, 2004). Slightly deleterious alleles remain in the population for much longer than purely deleterious alleles; these alleles are maintained through drift and in small populations (Sundaes, 2000) . Thus the frequency of deleterious alleles falls drastically with each generation, compared to the slightly deleterious allele. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Zea Mays specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Zea Mays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Zea Mays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Background The purpose of this experiment was to observe the phenotypes frequencies of the Zee Mays, in order to do that we had to plant and observe generations of the species. We were looking for a ratio of albino plants that died very quickly after growth, to decrease proportionally. The expected proportions were 3: 1 Rene: albino for IF; 35:1 for IF; and 64:1 for IF. The process for planting was that outlined in the lab manual with the following changes. We planted 32 IF, 5-6, and IF plants in week 2. We used a 50:50 mix of vermiculite and peat elite. We first filled the units 3/4 full with soil then added IL water. Ext we planted our seeds, 4 per cell. Next we added the soil to cover to the top of the cells. Finally another 1. 5 L of water was added to the trays via the bottoms. Cell UNIT Fig. 1 This figure illustrates the planting scheme used. Predictions and Hypotheses Before the counts were performed it was predicted that the Albino allele q or endnote PI would decreasingly be come less pronounced in the population. It was also predicted that the population would maintain its numbers of the heterozygous or green corn plants that possessed the p allele or Pl genotype. The null hypothesis was that the albino plants would maintain allele frequencies consistent to those at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The hypothesis being tested was whether the allele frequencies of a double heterozygous cross between two Law/Law individuals changed over time, focusing on the q or albino allele; determine whether it was conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model ND not steadily declining in the population as a lethal allele. Predictions and Hypotheses After IF After harvesting. IF generation it was many predictions were viable. The first prediction is that the albino allele will continue in the population at a decreasing rate due to maintenance by those who germinate with it before its death. It is also predicted that the albino allele will become fixated near or at zero. Discussion and Conclusion Overall the data are inconclusive, Figure 2 illustrates the expected frequency distribution overtime and how the albino allele will become fixated within the population. The fixation of this allele approaches zero. Tables 1-3 illustrates the scoring of the class data for the Zee Mays. Table 4 is the calculations used in finding the chi square goodness of fit test to determine whether the albino allele was conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model and not steadily declining in the population as a lethal allele. Because our Chi square calculated Chi square critical value, there is a statistical difference between the observed number so individuals and expected number of individuals surviving with the albino allele, under HOW equilibrium conditions, That is you reject the lull hypothesis and conclude the population is not under HOW equilibrium in the Law/law locus of the Zee Mays population. Table 6 summarizes these results. TWO main future directions for this experiment include expanding the experiment into further generations and using different varieties of maize to utilize the aspects of hybrid vigor ( (Saleroom, 2007). Expanding the experiment further will allow the scientist to see whether the allele is fixated or lost all together. Using multiple subspecies of maize will allow the scientist to learn if there is predominance or single locus heterodox going on as well as many other heartsickness at the population level (Saleroom, 2007).

Carbohydrates Essays (785 words) - Nutrition, Oxidizing Agents

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are present in sugars, starch, acids, and in many other nutrients that consist elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Having a ratio of 1: 2: 1 or written as CH20. A monosaccharide meaning monomer of sugar is a "simple" carbohydrate. Containing backbone of five carbon atoms that are present in ribose and deoxyribose, components of RNA and DNA. Glucose a six carbon atom that is common cellulose, starch, and glycogen are classified as polysaccharide, Known as a "complex" carbohydrate, with straight or branched chains of many sugar monomers. These categories of carbohydrates are tested in two laboratory experiments. It will allow us (my partner and I) to detect the presence of sugar or starch. The first test, using two different solutions to expose the presence of sugar or starch by color alteration. I hypothesize that both samples of the experiment will result differently in order to pursue the next test. The second test consists of 9 food items, identifying the appearance of sugar or starch. I guess in identifying 75% out of the 9 items right. Conducting both experiments will test my hypotheses either right or wrong. The first experiment on simple and complex carbohydrates, several tools and liquids were obtained: two test tubes, spot plate, test tube holder, benedicts reagent, lugol's iodine, 10% karo syrup solution, 1% starch solution. In a test tube (holding it with a test tube holder,) my partner fills 1 cm from the bottom of 10% karo syrup solution. With the benedicts reagent I gently add four drops, then quickly placed the tube in 98 degrees of boiling water, at 3:17p.m. While waiting for 3 minutes, we noticed that before placing the tube in the boiling water, the benedict reagent in the 10% karo syrup was blue. After heating, we observed at 3:20 p.m. that the benedict solution activated and turned yellow. Which meant that sugar (simple carbohydrate) was present in the karo syrup. A different procedure was conducted to test starch. Using a spot plate, 1% of starch (about 4 drops) was placed into the well spot. Then two drops of lugols iodine was added. It generated a dark purple color with immediate contact with the iodine. The results for this experiment meant that lugols iodine would test purple, positive for complex carbohydrate and yellow for simple carbohydrates. Both samples of the experiment resulted differently agreeing with my hypotheses. With the color alteration of benedict reagent and lugols iodine, my partner and I was ready to test sugar and starch on the 9 food items. Know will test the 9 items, to state weather starch or sugar is present. I made a prediction that 75% of the items would be identified correctly. The experiment consist of: apple juice, potato juice, salt water, baking powder solution, baking soda solution, ozorka flavored water, powdered sugar solution, clearly Canadian flavored water, vinegar, benedicts reagent, lugols iodine, wax pencil, and 18 test tubes. My partner numbered the test tubes, having two sets from 1 through 9. He filled one set while I filled the other, both with food solution about, 1 cm from the bottom of the test tubes. After filling the tubes, we placed 5 drops of benedicts reagent on one set, then placing them in boiling water at about 98 degrees for five minutes (3:40 p.m.). Within the five minutes, I placed three drops of lugols iodine on the second set (3:42 p.m.). We shook the tubes, then resting them for 3 minutes. At 3:45 p.m., my partner took out the benedict set, and we started to record our result as we also recorded the lugols iodine. We both had amazing outputs; I resulted on having 6 items accurately correct out of the 9. Baking soda solution and vinegar failed both the benedict and lugols iodine fluids, appearing negative results for sugar and starch. I predicted that Salt water would show starch therefore it appeared negative. Vinegar has an acidic elements, that are naturally fermented by which bacterium (prokaryotic) go through, an anaerobic cycle. Baking soda is a sodium bicarbonate, it is naturally occurring in the form of an ore called torna. It releases more OH , which it has a pH above 7. Salt is a sodium chloride, also with a pH number greater than 7. For these reasons, my estimation was not accurate. Some of the items were organic fluids, processed powders, and flavored water, which contain either starches or/and sugars. The categories of carbohydrates were tested in two laboratory experiments. It allowed my partner and I to detect the presence of sugar

The Development of Banking in the Industrial Revolution

The Development of Banking in the Industrial Revolution As well as industry, banking also developed during the Industrial Revolution as the demands of entrepreneurs in industries like steam  led to a vast expansion of the financial system. Banking Before 1750 Before 1750, the traditional ‘start date’ for the Industrial revolution, paper money and commercial bills were used in England, but gold and silver were preferred for major transactions and copper for daily trading. There were three tiers of banks already in existence, but only in limited numbers. The first was the central Bank of England. This has been created in 1694 by William of Orange to fund wars and had become a foreign exchange storing foreign country’s gold. In 1708 it was given the monopoly on Joint Stock Banking (where there’s more than 1 shareholder) to try and make it more powerful, and other banks were limited in size and resources. Joint stock was declared illegal by the Bubble Act of 1720, a reaction to the great losses of the collapse of the South Sea Bubble. A second tier was provided by less than thirty Private Banks, which were few in number but growing, and their main customer was merchants and industrialists. Finally, you had the county banks which operated in a local area, e.g., just Bedford, but there were only twelve in 1760. By 1750 private banks were increasing in status and business, and some specialization was occurring geographically in London. The Role of Entrepreneurs in the Industrial Revolution Malthus called entrepreneurs the ‘shock troops’ of the industrial revolution. This group of individuals whose investment helped spread the revolution were based mainly in the Midlands, a center  for industrial growth. Most were middle class and well educated, and there were a substantial number of entrepreneurs from non-conformist religions like the Quakers. They have been characterized as feeling they had to be challenged, had to organize and succeed, although they ranged in size from major captains of industry to small-scale players. Many were after money, self-improvement, and success, and many were able to buy into the landowning elite with their profits. The entrepreneurs were capitalists, financiers, works managers, merchants, and salesmen, although their role changed as the business developed and the nature of enterprise evolved. The first half of the industrial revolution saw just one individual running the companies, but as time went on shareholders and joint stock companies emerged, and management had to change to cope with specialized positions. Sources of Finance As the revolution grew and more opportunities presented themselves, there was a demand for more capital. While technology costs were coming down, the infrastructure demands of large factories or canals and railways were high, and most industrial businesses needed funds to start up and get started. Entrepreneurs had several sources of finance. The domestic system, when it was still in operation, allowed for capital to be raised as it had no infrastructure costs and you could reduce or expand your workforce rapidly. Merchants provided some circulated capital, as did aristocrats, who had money from land and estates and were keen to make more money by assisting others. They could provide land, capital, and infrastructure. Banks could provide short-term loans, but have been accused of holding the industry back by the legislation on liability and joint-stock. Families could provide money, and were always a trusted source, as here the Quakers, who funded key entrepreneurs like the Darbys (who pushed forward Iron production.) The Development of the Banking System By 1800 private banks had increased in number to seventy, while county banks increased rapidly, doubling from 1775 to 1800. These were set up mainly by businessmen who wanted to add banking to their portfolios and satisfied a demand. During the Napoleonic Wars, the banks came under pressure from panicking customers making cash withdrawals, and the government stepped in to restrict withdrawals to just paper notes, no gold. By 1825 the depression which followed the wars had caused many banks to fail, leading to a financial panic. The government now repealed the Bubble Act and allowed joint-stock, but with unlimited liability. The Banking Act of 1826 restricted the issuing of notes- many banks had issued their own- and encouraged the formation of joint stock companies. In 1837 new laws gave joint-stock companies the ability to acquire limited liability, and in 1855 and 58 these laws were expanded, with banks and insurance now given limited liability which was a financial incentive for investment. By the end of the nineteenth century, many local banks had amalgamated to try and take advantage of the new legal situation. Why the Banking System Developed Long before 1750 Britain had a well-developed money economy with gold, copper, and notes. But several factors changed. The growth in wealth and business opportunities increased the need for both somewhere for money to be deposited, and a source of loans for buildings, equipment and- most crucially- circulating capital for everyday running. Specialist banks with knowledge of certain industries and areas thus grew up to take full advantage of this situation. Banks could also make a profit by keeping a cash reserve and lending out sums to gain interest, and there were many people interested in profits. Did Banks Fail Industry? In the US and Germany, industry used their banks heavily for long-term loans. Britons didn’t do this, and the system has been accused of failing industry as a result. However, America and Germany started at a higher level, and needed much more money than Britain where banks weren’t required for long-term loans, but instead for short-term ones to cover small shortfalls. British entrepreneurs were skeptical of banks and often preferred older methods of finance for start-up costs. Banks evolved along with British industry and were only a part of the funding, whereas America and Germany were diving into industrialization at a much more evolved level.

Oscar Wilde - the Man and his World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oscar Wilde - the Man and his World - Essay Example Being an editor, he believed that he could move fashionable social circles thereby attracting support from influential women in the society (Dierkes-Thrun, 2012). Oscar Wilde called upon to contribute to the reconstruction of lady’s world magazine which was to basically not just deal with what women wear, but with how they think and feel. The likely contributors of the magazine sought out to write with enthusiasm, with tact and avoid being extravagant and the use of vulgar language. The term lady to some level was viewed ambiguously; Wilde regarded it as having a small taint of vulgarity and extremely misleading because of the eminence of â€Å"woman question† which was a feminist movement. Wilde persisted that the magazine which seemed to be more feminine be re-named to â€Å"woman’s world† (Salamensky 2012, p.132). These changes implied that the term â€Å"lady† which was to be changed to â€Å"woman† was associated with commonness. In 1895 , Wilde in his own words would be interpreted as utterly clear evidence in his scandalous libel and criminal suits that gradually sent him to jail and eventually ended his career. This unfortunate incident did not erase his legacy. His criticism and notes have shaped the society than any other author or poet. Most noticeably, it testifies to the epigrammatic memorability of his statements and declaration and acknowledges the fact that his life meant a personality and a collection of texts and ideas. He fearlessly explored art in relation to everyday life offering unique grounds for examining or testing sexual and social culture during the Victorian era. In 1887’s October issue of the â€Å"lady’s world† the prospectus pointed out the changed names of editors of the November issue. The editors who were listed included Marie Corelli, Olive Schreiner, Mathilde Blind as well as Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Lady Wilde. In addition, Oscar persuaded som e of the well-known writers to contribute to the witting one of them being Arthur Symons. Arthur’s first essay was on one of the major symbols in the symbolist movement â€Å"Villiers de I ‘isle Adam† which came out after Wilde left the magazine. Wilde was a determined editor of theâ€Å"woman’s world† but his enthusiasm progressively reduced over the following periods. He gradually became less functional arriving late leaving early, and generally handling at his letters carelessly and giving excuses and makeup promises to his failures (Dierkes-Thrun, 2012). Oscar Wilde’s assistant editor Arthur fish viewed the â€Å"woman’s world† magazine as to be the finest with exclusive appeal and attraction to women that was ever been published. The â€Å"woman’s world† editors manage to secure brilliant contributors producing a high level of literary content ever attained by a publishing company of its kind. Articles did not only concentrated on fashion but also devoted to distinguish or bring out women, women’s suffrage and historical events (Wilde & Murray 2000, p. 98). Arthur fish always expressed his sympathy on the views of the â€Å"woman’s world† writers revealing a liberality of thoughts regarding the political aspirations and ambitions of women that were without a doubt sincere.  Ã‚  

Does God Exsist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does God Exsist - Essay Example Aquinas' five reasons for the existence of God are: the principle of motion, efficient cause, possibility and necessity, gradation of things and finally the governance of the world. These principles are used to counter two earlier mentioned objections as to the existence of God. These objections question the probability of an all-good God allowing evil in the world and whether or not God is the true source of creation. The main argument for the existence of God is that the source of all in existence is best explained by an original source with no limits and that is God. This paper aims to examine both objections to and arguments for the existence of God by examining the five points presented by Aquinas and cross examining these points with Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilych and Anselm's Proslogion. After examining both sides of the issue the paper will determine how Aquinas successfully argues the existence of God. The main argument that Aquinas presents is clear: God exists. Aquinas argues this by first, outlining two objections to the existence of God. These objections will be discussed in more detail later. He then, counters these objections by outlining five reasons for God's existence. The first reason Aquinas g... hot, to be actually hot, and thereby moves and changes it." The wood has a potential to become hot; however it needs fire in order for it to actually become hot. Aquinas argues that there must be a first mover and that first mover is best understood as God. The second reason is concerned with causality. Aquinas argues that nothing can exist by itself nor can it cause itself. Something else must cause it. The third reason argues that everything has a potential to exist only if something else will cause it to exist. These things are necessary, just as a male and female are necessary to produce offspring. However there must be an original cause of these necessities. This ties in with Anselms,' Proslogion in which he ponders God's existence by considering an understanding of God's existence. He argues that if God exists only in one's mind than something greater than God could be conceived, however it can't. Thus Anselm states, "Hence there is no doubt that there exists a being, than which nothing greater can be conceived, and it exists both in the understanding and reality". Something must be the greatest and thus the source of all that can be conceived and that something is God. The fourth argues that everything has a position on a scale f rom worst to best, slowest to fastest and other such extremes. Everything has a maximum or perfection to be reached and so there must be an original source of perfection and this source is God. The fifth reason is that everything in the world that is unintelligent, such as plants, landforms, the ocean and the like all work towards a particular purpose. The ocean provides a home for marine life and the source of rain; plants clear the air and provide food and shelter for animals. If each of these things serves a purpose, then something

Should mortgage lenders be nationalised Essay Example for Free

Should mortgage lenders be nationalised Essay Following recent disturbances in the world economy some governments came to a conclusion that it is in their duty to intervene and solve the growing problem. In this case the problem of mortgage lenders. As with every action from government, it is important to assess whether there truly is a market failure or not. To begin with, a closer look at how this situation arose would be essential. Over recent years, the housing market not only in UK but around the world as well had been enjoying a period of prosperity. House prices were ridiculously high, though no one seemed to be bothered by that. Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS) played a key role in that, as this security type let a vast number of homebuyers to take loans. Investors thought that might just be a perfect opportunity to make some profit, so they also joined this house of madness by lending money to mortgagors through the banking system. However, nothing lasts forever. Investors realised that there is a risk of their money not being returned either on condition that banks and/or lenders fail, therefore they immediately left the market causing dry up of mortgage finances. So, there it is. This is where government ought to, in mortgage lenders opinion, step in, pump money and let the vicious cycle continue. Indeed, there is a market failure. A failure that only government can solve. Should it though? Isnt the true idea standing behind the capitalism to reward the hard-working, the smart and punish the lazy, the reckless? Why should the latter ones be protected? Why should tax payers money be spent in such a wasteful way? Nationalising UKs Bradford Bingley alone has already cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150bn. In fact, only a small number of banks is to be blamed for this state of affairs to have taken place. Their irresponsible high stake risk taking actions led to a disaster that, now, they want all of us to bear the cost of. How unreasonable that must sound to a person who doesnt even have a mortgage? Weve had ten years of allowing banks to do what they wish really, to give them absolute freedom to lend. Alex Brummer, City editor, Mail on Sunday However, with nationalising it would be assured that Bank of Englands base rate is reinforced and has a real life implications, as it has been recently revealed that some mortgage providers do not cut their interest rates in line with the one set up by BoE. Moreover, it has been stated by government authorities and banks representatives on numerous occasions that improving access to capital is crucial to get the economy working again. That might actually be the case with a reduced borrower exploitation. Nationalised industries are supposed to be in the best interest of society, therefore hopefully there will no longer be banks trying to unfairly steal peoples possessions by taking a use of their lack of knowledge, charging enormous rates, making it harder for those who already find it difficult to keep up with repayments. Government would be able to offer competitive deals for everyone, and with market forces coming in, other lenders would have to follow the trend as well. It is the period of nationalising that needs to be taken into consideration, too. United Kingdom Chancellor of the Exchequer, Alistair Darling, emphasised that this process in regards of Northern Rock is only on a temporary basis, yet still it would be more realistic to count in years rather than months instead. That is how long it is expected for NR to repay the loan from taxpayers. That situation is extremely rare these days, so an accurate estimation of when the government will loosen its grip on the bank is hard to predict. Worth mentioning is the fact that it was only after 16 years of Rolls-Royce emergent nationalisation in 1971, that all its shares were sold to private owner. What would happen if the mortgage defaults continued to rise though? What if the plan would fail? And more money would be needed in attempts to solve the problem? Taxpayers would be left with a very large bill to pay for financial bailout. And this leaves us with the question how would the government fund further bailouts? Increase taxation? Cannot, this would cause a slowdown of an economy. Income tax lower income, lower consumption. Indirect taxes higher taxes, lower consumption. Doesnt sound good. Borrowing? Cannot. The so-called Golden Rule of fiscal policy is that the government should not borrow in order to finance current spending, and that any borrowing the government does undertake is for investment. I wouldnt consider rescuing awfully managed mortgage lending banks as a form of investment. I have no doubt that Mrs Thatcher would more than happily get rid of collapsing institutions. In her opinion, what doesnt work, shouldnt be allowed to work at all. Bailing banks out is a wrong idea in terms of externalities, moral hazard in particular. If they [banks] would know that there is the Government standing behind, fully prepared to save them in case of failure, they would feel more secure about themselves, with a higher willingness to take risk. They wouldnt bear all the consequences. Northern Rock and Bradford Bingley did not. Where is the capitalistic ideology of laissez-faire? Just leave it alone. Events should take their own courses, whereas government generally ought not to intervene in the marketplace. Looking at the situation in a more positive light though, financial conditions will improve in few years time, and by then the Government will be able to sell banks for much more attractive prices (e.g. Virgin trying to buy Northern Rock, but the offer was too low in Governments opinion) in order to compensate and benefit taxpayers. Still, I am not really convinced with the view of governments nationalising mortgage lenders. As a free market economy supporter, I strongly believe that the market should be free of any governments intervention nor regulation, besides the minimum function of maintaining the legal system and protecting property rights. To finalise, I would like to quote a man, whose words cannot summarise my essay better, The nationalisation of Northern Rock is a disaster for the taxpayer, a disaster for this government and a disaster for our country.

The Concept Of Balance Of Power Politics Essay

The Concept Of Balance Of Power Politics Essay When one state or alliance increases its power or apply it more aggressively, the balance of power theory is maintained. By forming a counter-balancing coalition, threatened states will increase their own power in response. The central concept in neorealist theory is Balance of power. Since Martin Wright said, the notion is notoriously full of chaos and confusion, it is difficult to provide exact definition to balance of power. The main difficulty prevails with the balance of power is that there are too many meanings associated with it. Nevertheless, the indispensable idea is very simple but when the principle is applied to the international relations, the concept of power means that with the help of shifting alliances and countervailing pressures, not a single power or mixture of powers will be allowed to become strong enough to threaten the security of the rest of the world according to Perkins and Palmer. In order to be more effective, identification and sensing of threats from th e neighboring countries and rebels is an essential need for applying the balance of power effectively. A balance of power can be formed by multiple states when alliances are fluid, for instance when they are formed easily or broken on the basis of practicality by not taking into consideration form of government, history, religion or values. Shifting its support to oppose whichever alliance or state is strongest, a single state occasionally plays the role of a balancer. In the 18th and 19th centuries, specifically in its relations with Germany, Russia and France, this role was played by Britain in Europe (Williams, Andrew 2004). By matching their increases in military capability, two states can balance against each other. Both the United States and the Soviet Union expanded their nuclear arsenals to balance against each other in the cold war. The complexity of measuring power is one weak point of the balance of power. From the size of its land mass, level of technology and population, the states power ultimately derives its power. Nevertheless, this potential power translates into mili tary capability in a flawed manner. There is a dependence on such elements of luck, geography, morale and leadership with the effective use of military force. Throughout history in various regions of the world, there are found some historical examples of power balancing. For instance, through a constantly shifting network of alliances, these Chinese states pursued power (China Superpower, 2010). (2) Evaluate how effective power balancing is, in practice, toward preserving peace. Without the Soviet threat, the United States, as the dominant world power, would face difficulties in its relations with such states as the European powers and china and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the worlds sole superpower (The Globalist: June 2, 2010). The ever changing nature of power, in the present-day international system further complicated the operation of the global balance of power. For the smaller states, the internet, Globalization, weapons of mass destruction and other developments of technology have made them acquire power in a significant manner. Even though, the balance of power is less applicable to conflicts involving other non state groups and terrorists, the balance of power may continue to operate among other states which are engaged in prolonged disputes in the future. In the present study of international relations for the past five hundred years, the balance of power played a prime role in achieving power and peace and for the past five hundred years, the balance of power has been a central concept and practice of international relations. Liberalism also plays an important part here and it carries a legacy of international imprudence (Hume, David. 1752). The purpose of the balance of power is to put in place to explain the situation where states will ally themselves to prevent the domination of one state upon others and peace will obviously be preserved by effective balancing of power and by matching their increase in military capability, two states can balance against each other. (Shubhya pandey, 16th March, 2009). Early intervention will often be more cheaper and effective than late intervention, if security is now better procured than defended. Before they have the time to gain momentum and focus, the threats to security should be addressed. References: 1. Williams, Andrew (2004). D-Day to Berlin. Hodder Stoughton. ISBNÂ  0340833971 2. . China Superpower (PDF). http://www.casaasia.es/pdf/9200595422AM1127202862621.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-27 3. The Globalist June 2, 2010 cite: An Insecure Foothold for the United States; Russia is certainly still a superpower comparable only to the United States 4. Hume, David. 1752/1963. Of the Balance of Power, Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 346-347. 5.Shubhya pandey (16th March, 2009) Balance of Power in International Relations, article Student Semester IV, Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur 7. List and describe some of the major multilateral attempts at arms control and disarmament. How effective have these attempts been in the past? How effective are they likely to be in the future? Do you believe that agreements of this kind will play a significant role in stemming nuclear proliferation to rogue states and terrorists? Why or why not? Arms control and disarmament are not the same. The objective of arms control is to limit weapons in certain selective and agreed methods with regard to certain aspects like transparency, lethality, range and quantity while the latter aims at the destruction of certain types of weapons capable of wreaking mass destruction. The entire globe sought to eliminate all types of weapons of mass destruction which are chemical arms, biological and nuclear and the use of multiple types of conventional weapons apart from their production and sale are sought to be controlled by the world after their bitter experience post the two world wars (Conventional weapons, 2004, p.36). The term general and complete disarmament means the elimination of all weapons of mass destruction or WMD along with the balanced reduction of conventional armaments and balanced reduction of armed forces which is based on the principle of undiminished security of the parties along with a purpose of promoting or improving st ability at a lower military level after taking into account the requirement of all States to protect their security and achieve peace and stability (Speech, 2002). Besides being supported by an implementing institution, a regime is a multilateral arrangement governing either the elimination or control of certain weapons. On the prohibition of bacteriological weapons and poisonous gas to which Canada became a signatory on 6th May 1930, the inter-war period was also witness to the Geneva Protocol, 1925 (Canadian Reference Guide to the United Nations. Ottawa, 1994). Until April 1975, the protocol introduced by the United States was not endorsed by the Senate of United States. The General assembly of the United Nations called for the total elimination of atomic weapons and use the atomic energy for peaceful purposes and it was the foremost resolution passed by the General assembly of the United nations (World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1996). But all these attempts were not full effective as some countries of the world are still continuing to produce weapons of mass destruction under the pretext of security reasons and have not been fully cooperative in destroying weapons of mass destruction completely. Treaties were signed seeking to eliminate and prevent the production of weapons of mass destruction which include the treaty of Non-proliferation of Nuclear weapons and the Biological weapons convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. In order to promote their WMD non proliferation goals which include the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger committee, Wassenaar Arrangement (for dual-use goods and conventional arms), the Missile Technology Control Regime and the Hague Code of Conduct (for missiles) and the Australia Group (for chemical and biological weapons), some countries of the world have decided to establish various non-binding suppliers regimes. How effective are they likely to be in the future? In the future, these measures are not going to be effective unless universal application of multilateral disarmament treaties are promoted and its awareness is created for both the Government and its citizens, improving compliance with the commitments of treaty, improving transparency (Some countries fear that reporting of possessions of WMD might compromise on their diplomatic goals or security, strengthening verification by effectively implementing intrusive inspections, vigorous accounting methods and physical security and at the same time not compromising legitimate defence secrets. The development of a politically binding code of conduct was proposed by Netherlands in 2002 when it chaired the Missile Technology control Regime. For this purpose, several international meetings were organized by the European Union (The Netherlands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,ICOC Background information, 2002). In spite of all these attempts, the lack of public understanding of the contribution of treaties to international security makes non-proliferation education and disarmament a compelling priority. There is a concentration of specialized knowledge only in a very few ministries or in some governments lack the knowledge altogether. Preoccupations with other pressing issues and conflicting priorities faced by many developing countries in areas like internal conflicts, environmental challenges, economic development, health needs and poverty have reduced the effectiveness of these treaties and control and still a long way is to go in order to implement the measures effectively. Do you believe that agreements of this kind will play a significant role in stemming nuclear proliferation to rogue states and terrorists? Why or why not? I do believe that Agreements and treaties arms control and disarmament will play a significant role in stemming nuclear proliferation to rogue states and terrorists only if cooperation prevails among the nations of the world and by maintaining good relations and key contributions are made by the parliaments which has the prime major responsibilities for enacting implementing legislation under the relevant disarmament and arms control treaties apart from the effective role played by the United Nations as they face multiple challenges with regard to the promotion of is armament . Unless collective efforts are put forth by all the nations of the world, any treaty or measures of arms control will not work and remain a challenge and problem forever to be faced by all the countries over the globe. References: 1. Conventional weapons are weapons that are not WMD; see UNIDIR 2004, p. 36. 2. The Netherlands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ICOC Background information, http://www.minbuza.nl, 2002. 3. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Canadian Reference Guide to the United Nations. Ottawa, 1994. 4. U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1996. Washington, 1997. 8. International relations theorists disagree about the propensity for states to balance versus bandwagon. On the one hand, some theorists claim that states form counter-alliances against the powerful to prevent any one state from achieving hegemony over everyone else. On the other hand, a second group of theorists claim that states tend to gravitate toward the powerful, joining the strongest rather than participating in a blocking coalition. Which claim do you believe is best supported by the historical evidence? Explain your answer. Striking an alliance with powerful nations to fulfill the concerns of security was followed by many countries since the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO which is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4th April 1949((The official Emblem of NATO,2008). A system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence to an attack by any external party is constituted by the organization. Even though some theorists claim that states form counter alliances against the powerful to prevent any one state from achieving control over everyone else, the story has always been on the other side. The countries of the world normal strike alliances with the powerful countries for their own security reasons. For example, Israel always lean on the United States for its support instead of maintaining cordial relations with its neighbours. Even during the gulf war many European nations like the United Kingdom, France and Italy joined hands with the United states in waging war in the Persian gulf against Iraq which did not get any support even from its own neighboring countries. The second group of theorists who claim that states have a tendency to gravitate towards the powerful joining the stronger rather than participating in a blocking coalition and this claim is valid as a lot of historical data is available to support this kind of theory. For instance even during the post world war time, in 1954, South Korea formed an alliance with the United States of America and South Korea signed the ROK/U.S Mutual Security Agreement in which they agreed to defend each other in the event of aggression by outside nations (Manwoo Lee,1988,pp. 35-36). Even during the war waged in Afghanistan after the September 11 terrorist attacks on United States, Pakistan supported United States because of security concerns. The major reason why most of the nations of the world depend on the United States is that in recent years it has been the most formidable military power in recent years and its spending levels is the principle determinant of world military spending and recent increases are connected to the so-called war on Terror and the Afghanistan and the Iraq invasions. Japan struck an alliance with the United States of America because it feels that its presence in the western pacific is very much important to the regions peace and stability (Jusuf Wanandi, 1997). Rather than adopting leniency and initiating collective efforts to prevent the disaster of war in the gulf, numerous countries were on the side of the United States in its war against Iraq including Saudi Arabia. Many countries like the United Kingdom and France even went to the extent of spending huge sums of money for the military operations in the gulf. Many countries in the Southeast Asia feel that the transformation of Southeast Asia as a region of stability could not have been achieved in such a quick manner without the help of the United States (Straits Times,1997). Therefore the second claim of the theorists who stated that the states tend to gravitate toward the powerful, joining the strongest rather than participating in a blocking coalition were right in their perspective. Reference: 1. The official Emblem of NATO. NATO. http://www.nato.int/multi/natologo.htm. Retrieved 20 February 2008 2. Manwoo Lee, et.al. Alliance under Tension: the Evolution of South Korean-U.S. Relations (Boulder, Co.: West view Press, 1988), pp. 35-36. 3. Jusuf Wanandi, Time for Japan to rethink its regional and global role, Straits Times, 27 August 1997 4. Straits Times, 20 November 1997. 9. Assess the concepts of direct opposition and competition as described in the textbook. Do you believe that instances of either competition (which seems to approximate the situation leading up to both World Wars I and II) or direct opposition (which the textbook applies to the Cold War) are more preferable in terms of ensuring international stability? Are they equally useful (or useless) toward achieving this end? Do you believe that the future of world politics will be characterized more by competition of some kind (as suggested in the textbook) or by a renewed form of direct opposition (potentially between the United States and China)? Given your earlier arguments, what ramifications might this have for international stability? Support your arguments with evidence. Assess the concepts of direct opposition and competition as described in the textbook. Do you believe that instances of either competition (which seems to approximate the situation leading up to both World Wars I and II) or direct opposition (which the textbook applies to the Cold War) are more preferable in terms of ensuring international stability? The relationship that developed first and foremost between the United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet socialist Republic (USSR) was given the name cold war because the two was always at loggerheads with regard to the domination of international affairs (The origins of the Cold War, 2004). The term was used to describe their relationship from 1945 to 1980. They fought for their beliefs using client states who were fighting for their beliefs on their behalf because these two superpowers did not trust each other. Since times immemorial, the competitive rivalry among nations is largely attributed to the uneven distribution of resources across the world to a great extent. Nations have been working hard to control resources and not merely to develop their geographical extent of colonialism from the age of exploration to the two world wars and from the Middle East to the west. For the purpose of determining a nations strategic direction apart from helping the nation outperform its rival through gaining the competitive, geopolitics highlights about the spatial analysis in terms of social sciences, politics and geography. Due to healthy competition among the nations of the world, the importance of world resources have been highlighted by Mackinders Heartland Theory in the year 1904 (The Geographical Journal, 2004). Huge concentration is made on the co-existence of nations through their mutual economic interdependence by the modern geopolitics even though it does not necessarily talk about power shi fts. Healthy competitions therefore make the nations to realize their potential and awareness about their resources and this in one way can be utilized to maintain cordial relationship with other countries by helping the other countries by mutual exchange of resources. Are they equally useful (or useless) toward achieving this end? The outcomes or effects of competition of some kind will be favorable for international stability. This is supported by the fact that a favorable environment has been created for export diversification and competitiveness in sub-Saharan Africa and many African countries concentrated on getting the essentials economic management in the right way (Borner, S., Brunetti, A. and Weder, B., 1995). In order to reduce their debt and controlling inflation and putting in place sustainable fiscal policies, they worked together. All these happened due to the healthy competition which prevailed among these nations and fostered a good relationship between them (Sachs, J. and Warner, A., 1996). Do you believe that the future of world politics will be characterized more by competition of some kind (as suggested in the textbook) or by a renewed form of direct opposition (potentially between the United States and China)? I do therefore believe that the world of future politics will be characterized more by competition of some kind in comparison to a renewed form of direct opposition because in a direct opposition healthy competition can never take place. For instance when it comes to China and the United States of America, China always opposed the United States power politics, hegemonism and unipolar strategy and vice versa even though both of them have relatively mature ideas, tactics, policies and strategies on the global configuration of international order and power (Peter Grier and James N. Thurnman, 1999). On the other hand, if these two countries nurture a healthy competition and foster good relationship, it will be beneficial for them apart from the rest of the world. Majority of the other countries of the world also favour this. Given your earlier arguments, what ramifications might this have for international stability? Support your arguments with evidence. Right from the historical periods, economic inequalities have existed in a wide range of societies and the negative phenomenon arising out of economic inequality can be removed only with a healthy competition between the nations of the world. Healthy competition may also pave the way for the trade liberalization which will shift economic inequality from a global to a domestic scale where low skilled workers in poorer countries will see higher wages. Therefore international stability can be achieved globally by healthy competitions among the nations. International trade is promoted and significant benefits arise out of this. In concurrence with comparative advantage, it allows numerous countries to specialize. Considerable gains of efficiency may arise out of this. Severe competition takes place only out of trade which breaks down institutional impediments to change and promotes innovation. The advantages of the utilization of increased returns to scale is further provided by trade. A ll these facts were realized by many countries of the world after the post war era. Under the sponsorship of the GATT (General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade), numerous tariffs relating to international trade was introduced after several rounds of negotiations and it lead to successful trade liberalization in the developed nations (Jacob Kol and L.B.M. Mennes, 1990).

Language Problem in India Essay

India is one the greatest or well you can also say one of the weirdest countries in the world†¦. it’s a country u could never have thought would come over 50 years living together†¦. Our country on its way had to deal with many great problems†¦ and the one I am going to speak about is the language problem that the Indians faced†¦ According to the linguistic survey of India, there are 179 languages and 544 dialects†¦ That’s a pretty huge number†¦. A lot of languages†¦Many people use different kinds of languages†¦it varies over place to place†¦For example, Bengali is the language of the Hindu, Muslims and Christians alike in Bengal. It varies as per their state language their mother tongue etc. The Constitution of India recognizes twenty one ‘official’ regional languages and Hindi as the ‘national official’ language. In addition, English is used as a ‘link’ language for communication between Hindi and non-Hindi states. An aspect of the language problem in India is that no language problem in India is that no language is spoken by an absolute majority of the people and even Hindi, the most widely-spoken language-even if one disregards its various dialects – is used by one about 40.42% of the total population of India. This, at the national level, there is no linguistic majority or minority in the arithmetical sense. Language problem becomes a barrerier in the way of economical development of the country.

Junk Food Essay

Junk food is considered an unhealthy food which only contains a small amount of nutrients, or provides much more energy than body needs. Examples of junk food include frozen desserts, hamburgers, pizzas, carbonated beverages, fried chickens. Nowadays, a great many individuals buy junk food frequently. At the same time, people are overweight from day to day. This essay will analyse why junk food is particularly popular. To some extent, junk food has negative effect on health and eating less junk food might be better. Firstly, junk food is harmful to people’s health. It is not only non-nutritious but also including a large sum of oils, sugars, fats, salts, calories and antiseptics. Some serious problem will be generated with eating numerous junk foods for a long time, such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and heart disease. My experience is a convincing example. When I was a freshman in the university, my course schedule was extremely busy. I ate Junk Food for lunch everyday. Fresh food was replaced by junk food and my weight rose sharply. At the beginning, I did not realize that it really made me overweight until the semester finished. I found junk food can increase people’s excess weight. It can be seen that junk food has many disadvantages as previous study. However, why do people buy it frequently? On the one hand, an increasing number of fast paced life makes people have to choose the junk food as their daily diet. It is obvious that eating junk food is a time-saving and money-saving way to resolve their problem perfectly, when they working and studying very busily, which makes people ignore the fact that junk food is frequently harmful. The awareness of individuals need to be improved on behalf of people’s health. On the other hand, why do individuals buy junk Food is the result of excellent marketing strategy. Firstly, people are usually misleaded by overwhelming advertisings. For instance, the advertisement of vitamin water from the Coca-Cola always repeats that it just contains vitamin and nothing  about sugar. In fact, the main component of the vitamin water is the fructose which is the major cause of obesity and drinking a bottle of vitamin water is equal to drinking a can of coke almost. It is witness that the advertisings make up the misleading to consumers. In addition, some brand of junk food, like KFC, McDonald’s, push out a meal with toys for children. There is a straightforward purpose to attract children’s attentions. Thirdly, some junk food restaurants have a playpark which supplies several small slides and plentiful plastic balls for children. Parents prefer to choose a table near by the playpark to take care of their children in the McDonalds’ or KFC. Apart from above examples, there are a variety of marketing methods or skills, which influences individuals imperceptibly. Despite the fact that junk food is not only non-nutritious but also destructive, individuals often choose to eat it, due to a series of extraordinary marketing strategies which is hard to resist and fast paced life makes people just have limited choices. Therefore, trying to eat less junk food as far as possible is beneficial to people’s health.

Lets Hear A Little Respect for the Pluperfect

Lets Hear A Little Respect for the Pluperfect Lets Hear A Little Respect for the Pluperfect Lets Hear A Little Respect for the Pluperfect By Maeve Maddox Television writers have little respect for standard English grammar. I know that. I also know that American writers in general have little use for the pluperfect (past perfect) tense, preferring instead to use the simple past with adverbial modifiers. Nevertheless, I was astonished by an exchange between a judge and a lawyer on an episode of the The Good Wife: The lawyer is trying to impugn a witness who has testified that a young man arrested at the scene of a murder did not have time to construct a story to conceal his involvement. The lawyer points out that, according to the police report, the man did have time. The lawyer says that by the time the suspect had reached the police station, †¦he had had time to construct a story. When the lawyer requests that his client be released on bail, the judge fixes him with a disapproving frown and says, Request denied. If for no other reason than that you used the pluperfect tense. Apparently TV writers are at war with more than pronouns. The pluperfect, also called the past perfect, is a verb tense used to indicate that an action took place before some other past action. It is formed with the auxiliary verb had and a past participle: When I arrived, the dog had gone. The word pluperfect derives from the Latin phrase tempus praeteritum plus quam perfectum, meaning past tense more than perfect. The word perfect comes from Latin perfectus, meaning completed. An action in the pluperfect is over, done, finished. Heres an example of a novelists use of the pluperfect when writing a third person narrative in the past tense. Its from Death in Holy Orders by English writer P. D. James. The ash, with its heavy cladding of ivy, was unmissable, but as they turned into the road, which was little more than a lane, one glance showed clearly what had happened. A large bough of the tree had been torn from the trunk and now lay along the grass verge, looking in the growing light as bleached and smooth as a bone. From it sprouted dead branches like gnarled fingers. The main trunk showed the great wound where the branch had been torn away, and the road, now passable, was still strewn with the debris of the fall: curls of ivy, twigs and a scatter of green and yellow leaves. The earliest example of the term pluperfect in the OED is dated 1500. The latest illustration of the term, dated 1995, reflects the modern disdain for this tense: 1995 Church Times 17 Nov. 17/3 They each gave us a few paragraphs of Mills Boon prose which were rather hard going, being over-full of pluperfect verbs. NOTE: Mills Boon is a British romance publisher founded in 1908 and sold to Harlequin Enterprises in 1971. American writers, perhaps aiming for a breezy style, avoid the pluperfect as much as possible, but they do use it. The following extracts from Tunnel Vision show how Sara Paretsky deals with it. Sometimes she disguises it with contractions: Id had my office there for ten years, so long Id come to overlook its litany of ills. Sometimes she introduces the pluperfect with a had, then switches to simple past: The building had already been one-third empty when the Culpeppers handed out their notice at New Years. They tried first to bribe, then to force, the rest of us into leaving. And sometimes she stays with the pluperfect throughout a paragraph: In a seconds unthinking revulsion I had thrust the bat back behind the radiator. I wanted to protect Emily and I didnt want anyone to know the weapon was there. But I would have to tell the police. Staring sightlessly into the mist, I saw it had been foolish to think otherwise. And my first impulse, to make an anonymous call, was also foolish: my prints were on the bat. At least I hadnt been so stupid as to wipe them clean. Any writing device can become an obstacle to reading comfort, for example: sentences all the same length, numerous characters whose names all begin with the same sound, an unusual word used numerous times. And yes, over-use of the pluperfect. However, just because the use of the pluperfect in narrative writing has its pitfalls, dont fall for advice that tells you to avoid the clumsy pluperfect altogether. The pluperfect is a useful narrative tense. Its up to the writer to keep it from becoming clumsy. The next time you read over your work and feel yourself becoming bogged down in hads, you might question the way you are presenting your story. The fault may lie with an over-reliance on flashbacks. You may need to figure out some other way to lay in your back story. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)15 Great Word GamesDozen: Singular or Plural?

Physical Therapy Scholarship Contest Example Essay

Physical Therapy Scholarship Contest Example Essay Free Online Research Papers Physical Therapy Scholarship Contest Example Essay In 2001 a friend of mine introduced me to the martial art, Ba Gua Zhang. I had always been interested in martial arts and so I began studying Gao style Ba Gua with Jeff Jones here in Atlanta. I’m not exactly sure what my initial motivation for starting Ba Gua had been; I believe it was a combination of intrigue with the arts and a desire to reduce stress, but by studying with Jeff I got a lot more than I had bargained for. It is in studying with Mr. Jones that I ultimately came to be interested in Oriental Medicine. Mr. Jones takes a holistic approach to teaching Ba Gua. He teaches not only the fighting form and application of the art, but also explains the health benefits of the forms, massage techniques, and Qi Gong exercises. His teaching has led me to acquire a valuable understanding of myself, and in engaging in Ba Gua I have developed an important awareness of my body. By this I mean that I have made a shift from feeling like a mind that walks around in a shell of a body, to a mindful being that is intimately connected to her physical body. As in Yoga, where one’s attention is intently focused on feeling, experiencing, and personally understanding what is happening when positioned in a specific asana, Jeff urges his students to be as attentive and â€Å"in one’s body† when practicing Ba Gua. I am beginning to understand my own body on a deeper level, and not necessarily by what I am being told, but by what I am discovering for myself. I attempt to understand what goes on within me as I move through the forms, use breathing techniques, and meditate. This new found interest in the dynamic relationship of my mind, body, and soul has led me to further investigation. Since I began studying Ba Gua I have read many books on martial arts, in particular the internal styles, many of which comment on aspects of Oriental Medicine. I have also read books on Taoism and holistic health. I began attending a Qi Gong class (Da Dao Chan) offered in the area, run biweekly, and do some yoga and weight training. All of this practice and investigation for personal purposes evolved into an interest in the possibility of pursuing a career that is in some way related to these interests. During my attendance at Georgia State University I took advantage of the free career counseling made available by the school. I spent the summer of 2003 taking personality and interest tests, and meeting with a career counselor on a weekly basis. With the help of the test results and the counseling sessions, I narrowed my career search to psychology and physical therapy. However, I was still not quite happy with the idea of being a psychologist or physical therapist. It wasn’t until September of 2003, when I went to visit an Oriental Doctor, that I considered the field of Oriental Medicine as an option. I was impressed by his keen perception as well as the effectiveness of the treatment. It seems that Oriental Medicine would be a perfect match for me in that it is a culmination of all my interests. My interest in the physical therapy of the body would be met in the nature of Tui na. I also expect that my interest in Psychology would be met because of the field’s intimate consideration of the human emotions and psyche in diagnosing and treating illness. Furthermore, Edgewood would provide a great environment to further investigate and understand Taoist thought and the dynamic nature of Qi. Research Papers on Physical Therapy Scholarship Contest Example EssayThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Spring and AutumnQuebec and CanadaGenetic EngineeringResearch Process Part One

Evidence base practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evidence base practice - Assignment Example RAM was of was advanced by one Callista Roy, back in 1976 (Clarke, Barone, Hanna and Senesac 2012). Roy’s major aim while developing the model was to promote adaptation in the nursing practice. The model’s development was influenced by various factors like; education, clinical experience, family, religious background, and education (Weiss, Hastings, Holly and Craig 2012). It seeks to address the following issues; According to Roy, adaptation happens whenever individuals respond positively to environmental changes. The model comprises four major components of individual, Nursing, Health and Environment (Weiss et al. 2012). The model notes that an individual is a bio-psycho-social being that constantly interacts with an ever changing surrounding. It considers people as individuals or in groups like families, organizations and the society as a whole (Clarke et al. 2012). It suggests that health is both a status and a procedure of being complete. Health and sickness are considered unavoidable areas of an individual’s life. RAM remains the best fit for the nursing practice because it gives practical suggestions concerning the nursing practice and process. It supposes that for individuals to respond well to changes in the surrounding, they have to adapt. Such adaptation depends on the stimulus the person is exposed to and his/ her extent of adaptation (Smith 2013). The individual also has four adaptation means, namely; physiologic necessities, self-notion, role purpose as well as interdependence. In conclusion, RAM is still the best fit for the nursing practice because it gives practical suggestions concerning the nursing practice and process. It suggests that all through the nursing process, every nurse, and all healthcare professionals should make adaptations to the nursing care plan. All this is done on the basis of the patient’s health

Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignments - Assignment Example The first article is about the various health effects of genetically engineered foods and crops. Relevant medical research has been cited as well to strengthen the presented arguments. (Cummins) The second article deals with various loop holes in genetic technology as well as its side effects for human health and its impact on the environment. Every line of argument in this article is heavily referenced from technical publications and research. (Mothers for Natural Law) The third article exposes fundamental weaknesses in the benefits related with genetically modified crops such as greater yield, lower input need, safety of genetically modified foods etc. This article has been created by the renowned Jeffery M. Smith, author of Seeds of Deception, an eye opening book on genetically engineered crops and foods. (Smith) Results from ABI/INFORM In addition to search engines, I also searched on the ABI/INFORM platform for dangers posed by genetically modified crops and food. This search tu rned out quite a few helpful articles. An article on whether genetically modified foods are harmful or helpful is highly relevant to our work because of its upfront approach to the issue. Furthermore, the author has presented detailed statistical data to support her arguments.(Whitman) Another article relates the concerns of Dr. Arpad Pustazi, a leading plant biotechnologist who was fired from the Rowlett Institute after he divulged concerns on British digital media. This article is in an interview format and provides clear definitions and concepts related to the dangers posed by genetically modified crops and foods for mammals. (Mitchell) Another article I found is a Congressional Research Service Report on agricultural issues. This article appreciates the need for genetically modified crops but accepts that there are risks posed as well. (Jones) I am attaching the bibliography of these articles for your reference and consideration. Bibliography Cummins, Ronnie. Hazards of Genetica lly Engineered Foods and Crops: Why We Need A Global Moratorium. 29 August 1999. 16 July 2011 . Jones, Jean Yavis. RS20452: Agriculture and the 106th Congress: A Summary of Major Issues. 15 December 2000. 16 July 2011 . Mitchell, Paul. Safety of genetically modified food questioned, Interview with gene scientist, Dr Arpad Pusztai. 3 June 1999. 16 July 2011 . Mothers for Natural Law. Fundamental Weaknesses of the Concept. 2001. 16 July 2011 . Smith, Jeffery M. Everything You HAVE TO KNOW about Dangerous Genetically Modified Foods . 2011. 16 July 2011 . Whitman, Deborah B. Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? April 2000. 16 July 2011 . 12.11 The FLA was founded in 1999 after which it has expanded to promote fair labor practices around the world. A Workplace Code of Conduct was created that was based on ILO (International Labor Organization) standards. This effectively created internal standards through which workplace conditions could be monitored and maintained. The FLA ke eps a healthy check and balance by conducting unannounced and independent visits of factories

AIIB Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

AIIB Assignment - Coursework Example us adviser ok then agreement ok If able to start work, doing the things in the job seeker’s agreement and looking for job then meeting Job Centre Plus career adviser ok If attending a restart course or attending job interviews then looking for job ok. Here below is And/Or to represent the reasoning the system may go through in order to arrive at a decision about the user's entitlement to the benefit Abstract The society plus the industry at large are getting knowledge oriented and they do rely upon the decision made by different experts. Introduction of a knowledge based system presents us with an expert on demand available at any time and in any place and is able to process information within the shortest time possible. (Tuthhill, S and Levy, 1991)The step to introduce such a system greatly promotes consistency and gives the intended usershighnction at a relatively higher level. The knowledge based approach takes into consideration the varied techniques and methodologies for re-use and capture of process and product engineering knowledge. This process is intended to reduce the cost plus time taken during software production, which is in real sense attained through the automation of every repetitive design activity whilst we capture, retain and re-use design knowledge. This paper examines the procedures of selecting a suitable design approach for a prototype of a system that will automate the processes involved in checking and validating the eligibility of the persons entitle to job seekers allowance. It justifies the need for using a knowledge based approach during the software development process, accesses the possible advantages associated with this given design choice and gives suggestion on the extra steps to be taken during the approach to ensure that it remains economically feasible. Introduction Expert systems are the system types intended to solve real life problems that would usually require some specialized human effort like a real estate cons ultant or a doctor. Prior to building an expert system, there is a need that the relevant knowledge be extracted from the given human expert. Such knowledge is based on important rules of thumb rather than the absolute uncertainties. A knowledge engineer has the duty of extracting such type of knowledge then using the same to build a knowledge base. The building of an expert system has lower chances of being successful when performed for the first time for the reason that the expert finds it hard expressing with preciseness what rules and knowledge they use in solving a problem. (Benefits and Risks of Knowledge Based Systems, 2004)The knowledge based design approach never follows the conventional method because of the complexity of the human knowledge. Knowledge elicitation has been never easy and turns to be more challenging in case the exercise entails some uncertainties. This method entails an understanding of expert system design plus the psychology associated with knowledge gat hering. The skills involved include conducting interviews with the experts and assembling the components of a