The Issue Of Gun Violence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 700 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? Dont you just hate it when you hear about gun violence and how many shootings affected the safety of each and everyone of us in our schools? Well I have something to say about this. Time and time again, our government officials are promising reforms and new laws to protect us kids, but its just the same thing, they keep failing us all. Yes, Gun Control is not the only answer to gun violence. One of my reasons is that there are already laws for the ownership of firearms. Let me mention several of them: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Issue Of Gun Violence" essay for you Create order You need to be at least 21 years old; You are never convicted of crime and went to prison for a year; You need to pass mental and physical (evaluation) testings; You need to keep the firearms out of reach of minor or you will be liable with any crime as a result of irresponsible handling; You cannot carry your firearm outside of your house unless you have special permit. These laws are effective until somebody breaks it and planned to do harm to others. For the record, there have been 247 school shootings from 2013 to 2018. In most instances of these gun violence recorded, minors are able to get hold of their parents firearms and used it to harm students in school. Others are able to buy firearms in the black market. In some States, the background check and mental health evaluation of people trying to buy firearms are not strict enough. Although there are some strict laws to follow with the intention of protecting innocents like you and me. But why is it that gun violence still exist everywhere when we already have existing gun control laws? Well let me tell you There is nothing that we can do to stop gun ownership so people are not trying to find ways to prevent its use, especially one that will result to gun violence in school. For that reason, experts are coming up with simple but effective solutions that they think will stop or reduce the number of casualties and victims in an incident. Here are some of their suggestions: Increase the number of school Counselor with proper training to be accessible to more students with problems; Educate the parents in identifying signs of childs aggressive behavior; Eliminate bullying in school. Bullying turns a good person into a bad and desperate individuals which is the main ingredient of revenge; Increase visibility of Uniformed Men during time that students are outside their school room especially at dismissal; Create school contingency program similar to earthquake drills; Teachers should be armed and trained to use one in case of emergency; School uniforms should be implemented to all K-9 grades to easily identify any outsider; More Team concept in school learning so nobody will feel let out. Loners are at high risk of doing harm to others. Although some people may say Oh guns can protect us for self defense when were being attacked or threatened. Yes I know, but there are many more objects you can use for self defense such as batons, tasers, or pepper spray, at least these items can help you get away and hopefully save you. But gun ownership is a fundamental right of a person protected by the 2nd Amendment of the US Constitution. Nobody can deny you to have if you comply with the requirements. But be aware that owning a gun is already a risk affecting innocent lives of students! Also according to vox.com a student survivor from the latest mass shooting states that They say that tougher gun laws do not decrease gun violence. and I agree since a law wouldnt change people and how they use firearms. So given a chance, I think the simple suggestions I mentioned will make an astounding result in reducing if not totally eliminating school gun violence. Prevention is always better than cure as they say. Those steps are simpler than another law requiring our politicians to vote. Im hoping that actions are now being done and soon to be seen in our school system to avoid another useless loss of young lives which could be mine or anyone in the school around our country.

The Theory Of Biological Psychology - 3330 Words

Introduction Many careers today benefit from the foundational knowledge of biological psychology, some on the form of new understandings of technology and new understandings of brain and body communication. The selected research problem is the effects on stress in the reintegration process and how it can create obstacles when it comes to treating and trying assist reintegrating service members and their families. Using the foundational knowledge compiled from years of research in the field of psychology, neurobiology, and biological psychology. Using research done by other psychologists we will look at a hypothesis created based on the issue and explain how the hypothesis can be verified and the validity of the research. Today there are many careers and areas of expertise that can greatly benefit from the foundational knowledge of biological psychology. The first and most prominent field that comes to mind that can and does benefit from the knowledge provided by biological psychology is the medical field. The reason for this is due to the fact that in the medical field one must have a deep understanding of the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. During surgery if a connection is severed the repercussions could be egregious, the patient could potentially be paralyzed, and the medications administered could have a negative effect on not only the body but also the biochemistry of the brain as well, leading to further complications. Another reason for theShow MoreRelatedThe Biological Theory Of Psychology936 Words   |  4 PagesThere are 5 renowned approaches to abnormal Psychology, each one is unique and have influenced each other in some way. Freud’s approach infuriated p sychologists, Watson felt it was not testable, Carl Rogers (Humanism) rejects Watson’s (Behaviour) scientific method. 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Internet and its Extra Gracious Role in the Common Life

Question: Discuss how the internet has impacted information privacy. Answer: The origin of internet was in the 1960s when the US Federal Government commissioned a research to build a robust communication system using computer systems (Bill Stewart, 2000). The first network thus built was called the ARPANET which was the precursor to modern day internet. It was used for communication across regional military and academic networks. Bolstered by the success of this technology, The National Science Foundation Network provided the initial funding along with several other commercial interests which led to the merger of many such networks, which marked the beginning of the transition to modern internet (Peter, Ian; 2004). From 1995 to 2015, the Internet has managed a growth rate which has enabled the number of users to grow a hundred- fold (Treese.org. 1995 and Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2012). The internet captured the imagination of every industry and quickly began to assimilate technology with these fields. Some of them are: Communications media like television, radio and telephony have been completely reshaped by the Internet to give totally new services such as Internet television, Internet Radio and Internet Telephony, Web Conferencing etc. Books, newspapers and print publishers are fast adapting to the internet and converting to web feeds and blogs. Several means of interaction have been made possible by the internet like internet forums, social networking, e- mail and instant messaging. Commerce has gained a massive push due to concepts like online shopping, online trading of shares, commodities, debentures, managing supply chains across continents etc. and helped people across various fields of life including artisans, traders, businessmen and many more. Issues of Privacy: But there is always another side to the coin- everything good also has a bad thing looming over it. All of this development has come with a price. Due to all sorts of personal information being available online due to this digitization and all systems being essentially interconnected to each other, it has become extremely easy for anyone with the technical know- how to extract personal information and other information from the internet without any issues whatsoever. Due to this internet age, privacy has become a myth, irrespective of whether it is voluntary of involuntary. This situation is made even more dire due to the fact that the Internet has no form of centralized governance whatsoever either in the form of technological implementation or the policies required for access and usage (Jonathan Strickland,2014). Every network sets its own policies in this regard which makes it possible to exploit the loopholes involved ( Hoffman and S. Harris, 2006). The internet resources, hardware components and the software components are targeted maliciously in attempts to gain unauthorized control over the network or infrastructure involved in order to cause interruption or access private information. Such attempts include the deployment of computer viruses, which are essentially computer worms capable of replicating themselves automatically, usage of ransom- ware, denial of service attacks, using bot- nets and spyware which gives the deployer information about the activity and typing history of users. Computer surveillance is also a real threat wherein all your data and traffic on the internet is monitored continuously in real- time (Diffie, Whitfield; Susan Landau, August 2008). In countries like the United States, the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act provides the ability to make all phone calls, email, instant messaging, web traffic etc available for uninterrupted and unimpeded monitoring to federal law enforcement agencies (Hill, Michael; 2004 and McCullagh, Declan; 2007 ). Without a question, privacy is the single most important aspect of the internet today and bothers users who are aware of the fact that their internet activities are not secure. And especially since the internet has managed to pervade every single aspect of our lives, there is a necessity for a line to be drawn which helps to protect internet users privacy. Be it with regards to safety of minors and children online or with relation to the e-Commerce transactions, a comprehensive internet privacy act needs to be enacted at the earliest to protect individuals from being exploited by mischief mongers. This is all the more important because any kind of financial transaction requires a person to furnish his/ her personal information which can be exploited to unimaginable levels., which is why it is imperative that we take action to include privacy in such agreements. Several countries like USA, UK and India have governments which have laid down specific guidelines which are to be followed by every citizen when performing online transactions or using the internet. But there are no concrete laws which are difficult to bypass. Existing laws are full of loopholes which can be and are exploited. Internet privacy is the right to have personal privacy with regard to the storing, provision to third parties, repurposing and display of information related to oneself through the internet. Privacy with regards to the internet have been voiced since the beginnings of the internet (E. E. David and R. M. Fano, 1965). Some experts like Steve Rambam, who is a personal investigator who specializes in Internet privacy cases have gone on record to say that internet privacy is a myth and due to the existing state of internet privacy laws, the damage and penetration has been so extensive that it is almost impossible to recover from it. It has also been suggested that privacy is required to protect people from those who are in power, and to prevent the possibility of future abuse of that knowledge (Bruce Schneier, 2006). Risks to privacy: There are several cases where it has been seen that companies are hired to observe which site people log on to and then use this information to perform targeted advertising, which is based on an individuals browsing history. A similar trend is seen with online ravel based companies which track what prices a person have paid for tickets earlier and then fix prices of tickets accordingly, even if the actual rates are cheaper. Social Media: Also directly observed behavior like browsing logs, search tags, social media profiles etc. can be and are used to infer intrusive details of peoples lives such as political views, religious views, race, ethnicity, psychological and behavioral issues, sexual orientation etc. to name a few (Kosinski, Michal; Stillwell, D.; Graepel, T., 2013). Links on social media sites which might seem innocent, sometimes lead to dangerous malware and spyware download sites which can help infect their computers with potentially dangerous software and tracking codes. Even while using smartphones, features like geo- location can be used to track the places a person visits, the time they spend there, the routes used to travel to places and post these details online for anyone to see. Cookies: HTTP cookies are also a major privacy concern. A HTTP cookie is data stored on a users computer to assist in automated access to a website or web features, or other information regarding state required for complex web sites to function optimally. These can also be manipulated to track user browsing habits, search queries etc. Such cookies are used by Google Analytics and are called tracking cookies. Most website developers use them in a legitimate manner, but several cases of abuse have been recorded and observed. In 2009, it was observed that social networking profiles could be connected to cookies which would allow the profiles to be connected to browsing habits and hence for analytical processes. In the past, web sites never informed users explicitly about the usage of cookies which prompted US and European lawmakers to take action against tracking cookies and third party cookies which enabled compilation of long term records f individuals browsing histories. In the past years, user awareness with regard to cookies has also improved which has enabled them to counter the effects of cookies. Which are less effective since modern browsers and modern malware detectors can block and detect. Search Engines: Even though efforts are made to protect identities, and the true identity of a person is not known, a full profile of the member is possible by just using the information available on AOL Search. By just building these records, even without a name to allot it to, the company and learn a huge amount without even knowing their name. Some solutions are available to users to protect their privacy. One such program is called Rapleaf which is a website with a search engine which allows users to keep all their search and browsing history private. Some search engines anonymise Google searches and are called Privacy- focused search engines. Some of them are: MetaGer- A German search engine which has all its servers in Germany, which is a benefit since German legislation tends to give more importance to privacy laws. IxQuick: A Dutch based meta search engine which is also omitted to the protection of privacy. It uses similar features for the safety of its data like MetaGer. Yacy: It is a community project with a decentralized search engine. It uses a peer-to- peer principle that does not need stationary and centralized servers, thus saving on costs and helping it to achieve its goals of reducing hacking problems. There are several other search engines like Duck Duck Go and StartPage which follow similar methods and have the same goals. Several other potential privacy risks are: Malware: It stands for malicious software and is used to define the software that causes damage to a computer, or a whole server, or sometimes even a whole network by the means of a Trojan horse, or spyware, or a virus. Spyware: It is a small code of software that steals information from a computer without the consent of the administrator. Web Bug: It is an object which is embedded within a web page or an inconspicuous mail and is usually undetectable by normal means. It permits the infiltrator to check whether a website or a message has been viewed. Phishing: This is a criminally fraudulent method of attempting to obtain sensitive and personal information such as credit card information, bank account numbers, user names and passwords by tricking users into believing that they are talking to official representatives of their banks or credit card companies. Pharming: This is done by hackers to reroute traffic from websites to totally different internet addresses by changing the host file or hacking into the DNS server and exploiting its vulnerability. Social Engineering: Similar to phishing where people manipulate others to perform certain actions or divulge sensitive information. Malicious Proxy servers: Some servers trick customers while promising to be secure and vouching to protect your information and provide a safe sense of security. When a customer is relaxed assuming that their private information is safe, these servers then use this data for their own purposes. Web RTC: This is a software protocol which is enabled by default in browsers like Google Chrome and Firefox. IT has a particular vulnerability which compromises the integrity of VP tunnels by causing the actual IP address to be read by using a specific process. These and several other concerns are extremely dangerous and need to be addressed by lawmakers as soon as possible. This is of typically paramount importance since it has been made clear over the years that the number of such dangers is increasing and it is getting extremely difficult for normal people to protect against such attacks. One of the major concerns is that of identity theft wherein several innocent people have suffered through no real fault of theirs, except for ignorance. The situation is worsened by the fact that, while we typically assume such attacks to be more rampant on commercial establishments or large corporate houses, the truth is at individuals are more of a target. In 2007, a report by the Internet Security Threat Report stated that about ninety three percent (93%) of such gateway attacks were targeted at individual home users who were unprepared for it. A gateway attack is not a direct attack, but a potential back door to utilize for further exploitation. Solutions: According to (Mediati, N., 2010) and (Larose, R.; Rifon, N. J., 2007)It is possible to a certain extent to curb these issues by updating virus protection software using security settings and privacy settings wisely downloading recommended patches periodically installing strong firewalls screening mails and not responding to those mails which are from unrecognized or suspicious sources running checks for and shutting down spyware controlling cookies wherever possible using encryption software blocking pop- ups Another way of protecting your own privacy is to include the use of VPNs. VPN services use encryption technologies to protect your privacy. This is the same technology which protects banks, and large corporations from tracking and other online dangers. These services allow users to privately send and receive messages, keep browsing history private, encrypt all your traffic, and ultimately enabling sessions to remain completely private. Everything from smartphones to laptops can use VPNs, and once these are established on a device, every browsing session is conducted through the portal provided by the VPN provider which completely blocks any possibility of raking attempts which allows you to safeguard your personal information. However, this is a very difficult proposition since most people have little or no idea as to how to proceed with these issues. An average user with no experience in technology cannot be expected to understand these issues and take action against such dangers, especially when they are getting more sophisticated every day. Several businesses can afford to hire professionals to take care of such issues, but this option is out of reach of the general public since these services are often very expensive and also require a certain amount of diligence on part of the users all the same. Hence it becomes a greater responsibility on the part of the governments across the world to ensure that their citizens are protected from this very real risk of cyber- attacks, information theft, identity theft and lack of privacy. There is a need like never before to clamp down on such unethical and unlawful activities which endanger the quality of life and the peace of mind of citizens. References: Electronic Frontier Foundation (website) Electronic Frontier Foundation (website) The Living Internet, Bill Stewart (ed), January 2000 Treese.org. 1995-11-11 Schneier.com, 2009 Jonathan Strickland,How Stuff Works. 27 June 2014 Internet World Stats. Miniwatts Marketing Group. 30 June 2012 Bruce Schneier (May 18, 2006). Diffie, Whitfield; Susan Landau (August 2008).

Lab Report Zea Mays Sample

Lab Report Zea Mays Paper Lethal alleles are those that fail to successfully code for the proper production of a functional protein that is vital for life. Recessive lethal alleles are mutations that are only lethal to homozygous individuals with two copies of the mutated allele (Castle, 1910) . In humans cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are two examples of recessive lethal alleles. A dominant lethal allele is a mutation that is lethal to any individual that has one or two copies of the allele. Huntington disease is an example of a dominant lethal allele, it is maintained in the population because of the late onset of death. Sub lethal alleles are those that cause death in only some carriers of the gene, an example of this is hemophilia here the male who has an affected X chromosome, will only die if he is affected by trauma to the body, otherwise he will stay healthy. Zee Mays has a lethal recessive allele for albinism; which in homozygous causes a plant to grow with zero chlorophyll and to undergo death very fast. Heterozygous are the carriers for this trait since the recessive homozygous are killed. The heterozygous for the L allele are green since they produce chlorophyll. The aim of the Zee Mays investigation was to distinguish lethal alleles by reviewing observing frequencies in growth. In order to do this, dominant and recessive alleles had o be observed. In Zee Mays deleterious alleles cause a loss of function through the deletion of a vital part of the gene that codes for chlorophyll. Deleterious alleles have a normal phenotype in heterozygous. Deleterious alleles can have a disease fighting effect where it is more beneficial for an individual to have the heterozygous form; this is the case in sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis. In sickle cell disease the heterozygous individual is protected against malaria, and an individual with the CUFF trait is protected from Typhoid. This is known as heterozygous advantage (Uncle, 2004). Slightly deleterious alleles remain in the population for much longer than purely deleterious alleles; these alleles are maintained through drift and in small populations (Sundaes, 2000) . Thus the frequency of deleterious alleles falls drastically with each generation, compared to the slightly deleterious allele. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Zea Mays specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Zea Mays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Zea Mays specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Background The purpose of this experiment was to observe the phenotypes frequencies of the Zee Mays, in order to do that we had to plant and observe generations of the species. We were looking for a ratio of albino plants that died very quickly after growth, to decrease proportionally. The expected proportions were 3: 1 Rene: albino for IF; 35:1 for IF; and 64:1 for IF. The process for planting was that outlined in the lab manual with the following changes. We planted 32 IF, 5-6, and IF plants in week 2. We used a 50:50 mix of vermiculite and peat elite. We first filled the units 3/4 full with soil then added IL water. Ext we planted our seeds, 4 per cell. Next we added the soil to cover to the top of the cells. Finally another 1. 5 L of water was added to the trays via the bottoms. Cell UNIT Fig. 1 This figure illustrates the planting scheme used. Predictions and Hypotheses Before the counts were performed it was predicted that the Albino allele q or endnote PI would decreasingly be come less pronounced in the population. It was also predicted that the population would maintain its numbers of the heterozygous or green corn plants that possessed the p allele or Pl genotype. The null hypothesis was that the albino plants would maintain allele frequencies consistent to those at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The hypothesis being tested was whether the allele frequencies of a double heterozygous cross between two Law/Law individuals changed over time, focusing on the q or albino allele; determine whether it was conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model ND not steadily declining in the population as a lethal allele. Predictions and Hypotheses After IF After harvesting. IF generation it was many predictions were viable. The first prediction is that the albino allele will continue in the population at a decreasing rate due to maintenance by those who germinate with it before its death. It is also predicted that the albino allele will become fixated near or at zero. Discussion and Conclusion Overall the data are inconclusive, Figure 2 illustrates the expected frequency distribution overtime and how the albino allele will become fixated within the population. The fixation of this allele approaches zero. Tables 1-3 illustrates the scoring of the class data for the Zee Mays. Table 4 is the calculations used in finding the chi square goodness of fit test to determine whether the albino allele was conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model and not steadily declining in the population as a lethal allele. Because our Chi square calculated Chi square critical value, there is a statistical difference between the observed number so individuals and expected number of individuals surviving with the albino allele, under HOW equilibrium conditions, That is you reject the lull hypothesis and conclude the population is not under HOW equilibrium in the Law/law locus of the Zee Mays population. Table 6 summarizes these results. TWO main future directions for this experiment include expanding the experiment into further generations and using different varieties of maize to utilize the aspects of hybrid vigor ( (Saleroom, 2007). Expanding the experiment further will allow the scientist to see whether the allele is fixated or lost all together. Using multiple subspecies of maize will allow the scientist to learn if there is predominance or single locus heterodox going on as well as many other heartsickness at the population level (Saleroom, 2007).

Carbohydrates Essays (785 words) - Nutrition, Oxidizing Agents

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are present in sugars, starch, acids, and in many other nutrients that consist elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Having a ratio of 1: 2: 1 or written as CH20. A monosaccharide meaning monomer of sugar is a "simple" carbohydrate. Containing backbone of five carbon atoms that are present in ribose and deoxyribose, components of RNA and DNA. Glucose a six carbon atom that is common cellulose, starch, and glycogen are classified as polysaccharide, Known as a "complex" carbohydrate, with straight or branched chains of many sugar monomers. These categories of carbohydrates are tested in two laboratory experiments. It will allow us (my partner and I) to detect the presence of sugar or starch. The first test, using two different solutions to expose the presence of sugar or starch by color alteration. I hypothesize that both samples of the experiment will result differently in order to pursue the next test. The second test consists of 9 food items, identifying the appearance of sugar or starch. I guess in identifying 75% out of the 9 items right. Conducting both experiments will test my hypotheses either right or wrong. The first experiment on simple and complex carbohydrates, several tools and liquids were obtained: two test tubes, spot plate, test tube holder, benedicts reagent, lugol's iodine, 10% karo syrup solution, 1% starch solution. In a test tube (holding it with a test tube holder,) my partner fills 1 cm from the bottom of 10% karo syrup solution. With the benedicts reagent I gently add four drops, then quickly placed the tube in 98 degrees of boiling water, at 3:17p.m. While waiting for 3 minutes, we noticed that before placing the tube in the boiling water, the benedict reagent in the 10% karo syrup was blue. After heating, we observed at 3:20 p.m. that the benedict solution activated and turned yellow. Which meant that sugar (simple carbohydrate) was present in the karo syrup. A different procedure was conducted to test starch. Using a spot plate, 1% of starch (about 4 drops) was placed into the well spot. Then two drops of lugols iodine was added. It generated a dark purple color with immediate contact with the iodine. The results for this experiment meant that lugols iodine would test purple, positive for complex carbohydrate and yellow for simple carbohydrates. Both samples of the experiment resulted differently agreeing with my hypotheses. With the color alteration of benedict reagent and lugols iodine, my partner and I was ready to test sugar and starch on the 9 food items. Know will test the 9 items, to state weather starch or sugar is present. I made a prediction that 75% of the items would be identified correctly. The experiment consist of: apple juice, potato juice, salt water, baking powder solution, baking soda solution, ozorka flavored water, powdered sugar solution, clearly Canadian flavored water, vinegar, benedicts reagent, lugols iodine, wax pencil, and 18 test tubes. My partner numbered the test tubes, having two sets from 1 through 9. He filled one set while I filled the other, both with food solution about, 1 cm from the bottom of the test tubes. After filling the tubes, we placed 5 drops of benedicts reagent on one set, then placing them in boiling water at about 98 degrees for five minutes (3:40 p.m.). Within the five minutes, I placed three drops of lugols iodine on the second set (3:42 p.m.). We shook the tubes, then resting them for 3 minutes. At 3:45 p.m., my partner took out the benedict set, and we started to record our result as we also recorded the lugols iodine. We both had amazing outputs; I resulted on having 6 items accurately correct out of the 9. Baking soda solution and vinegar failed both the benedict and lugols iodine fluids, appearing negative results for sugar and starch. I predicted that Salt water would show starch therefore it appeared negative. Vinegar has an acidic elements, that are naturally fermented by which bacterium (prokaryotic) go through, an anaerobic cycle. Baking soda is a sodium bicarbonate, it is naturally occurring in the form of an ore called torna. It releases more OH , which it has a pH above 7. Salt is a sodium chloride, also with a pH number greater than 7. For these reasons, my estimation was not accurate. Some of the items were organic fluids, processed powders, and flavored water, which contain either starches or/and sugars. The categories of carbohydrates were tested in two laboratory experiments. It allowed my partner and I to detect the presence of sugar

The Development of Banking in the Industrial Revolution

The Development of Banking in the Industrial Revolution As well as industry, banking also developed during the Industrial Revolution as the demands of entrepreneurs in industries like steam  led to a vast expansion of the financial system. Banking Before 1750 Before 1750, the traditional ‘start date’ for the Industrial revolution, paper money and commercial bills were used in England, but gold and silver were preferred for major transactions and copper for daily trading. There were three tiers of banks already in existence, but only in limited numbers. The first was the central Bank of England. This has been created in 1694 by William of Orange to fund wars and had become a foreign exchange storing foreign country’s gold. In 1708 it was given the monopoly on Joint Stock Banking (where there’s more than 1 shareholder) to try and make it more powerful, and other banks were limited in size and resources. Joint stock was declared illegal by the Bubble Act of 1720, a reaction to the great losses of the collapse of the South Sea Bubble. A second tier was provided by less than thirty Private Banks, which were few in number but growing, and their main customer was merchants and industrialists. Finally, you had the county banks which operated in a local area, e.g., just Bedford, but there were only twelve in 1760. By 1750 private banks were increasing in status and business, and some specialization was occurring geographically in London. The Role of Entrepreneurs in the Industrial Revolution Malthus called entrepreneurs the ‘shock troops’ of the industrial revolution. This group of individuals whose investment helped spread the revolution were based mainly in the Midlands, a center  for industrial growth. Most were middle class and well educated, and there were a substantial number of entrepreneurs from non-conformist religions like the Quakers. They have been characterized as feeling they had to be challenged, had to organize and succeed, although they ranged in size from major captains of industry to small-scale players. Many were after money, self-improvement, and success, and many were able to buy into the landowning elite with their profits. The entrepreneurs were capitalists, financiers, works managers, merchants, and salesmen, although their role changed as the business developed and the nature of enterprise evolved. The first half of the industrial revolution saw just one individual running the companies, but as time went on shareholders and joint stock companies emerged, and management had to change to cope with specialized positions. Sources of Finance As the revolution grew and more opportunities presented themselves, there was a demand for more capital. While technology costs were coming down, the infrastructure demands of large factories or canals and railways were high, and most industrial businesses needed funds to start up and get started. Entrepreneurs had several sources of finance. The domestic system, when it was still in operation, allowed for capital to be raised as it had no infrastructure costs and you could reduce or expand your workforce rapidly. Merchants provided some circulated capital, as did aristocrats, who had money from land and estates and were keen to make more money by assisting others. They could provide land, capital, and infrastructure. Banks could provide short-term loans, but have been accused of holding the industry back by the legislation on liability and joint-stock. Families could provide money, and were always a trusted source, as here the Quakers, who funded key entrepreneurs like the Darbys (who pushed forward Iron production.) The Development of the Banking System By 1800 private banks had increased in number to seventy, while county banks increased rapidly, doubling from 1775 to 1800. These were set up mainly by businessmen who wanted to add banking to their portfolios and satisfied a demand. During the Napoleonic Wars, the banks came under pressure from panicking customers making cash withdrawals, and the government stepped in to restrict withdrawals to just paper notes, no gold. By 1825 the depression which followed the wars had caused many banks to fail, leading to a financial panic. The government now repealed the Bubble Act and allowed joint-stock, but with unlimited liability. The Banking Act of 1826 restricted the issuing of notes- many banks had issued their own- and encouraged the formation of joint stock companies. In 1837 new laws gave joint-stock companies the ability to acquire limited liability, and in 1855 and 58 these laws were expanded, with banks and insurance now given limited liability which was a financial incentive for investment. By the end of the nineteenth century, many local banks had amalgamated to try and take advantage of the new legal situation. Why the Banking System Developed Long before 1750 Britain had a well-developed money economy with gold, copper, and notes. But several factors changed. The growth in wealth and business opportunities increased the need for both somewhere for money to be deposited, and a source of loans for buildings, equipment and- most crucially- circulating capital for everyday running. Specialist banks with knowledge of certain industries and areas thus grew up to take full advantage of this situation. Banks could also make a profit by keeping a cash reserve and lending out sums to gain interest, and there were many people interested in profits. Did Banks Fail Industry? In the US and Germany, industry used their banks heavily for long-term loans. Britons didn’t do this, and the system has been accused of failing industry as a result. However, America and Germany started at a higher level, and needed much more money than Britain where banks weren’t required for long-term loans, but instead for short-term ones to cover small shortfalls. British entrepreneurs were skeptical of banks and often preferred older methods of finance for start-up costs. Banks evolved along with British industry and were only a part of the funding, whereas America and Germany were diving into industrialization at a much more evolved level.

Oscar Wilde - the Man and his World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oscar Wilde - the Man and his World - Essay Example Being an editor, he believed that he could move fashionable social circles thereby attracting support from influential women in the society (Dierkes-Thrun, 2012). Oscar Wilde called upon to contribute to the reconstruction of lady’s world magazine which was to basically not just deal with what women wear, but with how they think and feel. The likely contributors of the magazine sought out to write with enthusiasm, with tact and avoid being extravagant and the use of vulgar language. The term lady to some level was viewed ambiguously; Wilde regarded it as having a small taint of vulgarity and extremely misleading because of the eminence of â€Å"woman question† which was a feminist movement. Wilde persisted that the magazine which seemed to be more feminine be re-named to â€Å"woman’s world† (Salamensky 2012, p.132). These changes implied that the term â€Å"lady† which was to be changed to â€Å"woman† was associated with commonness. In 1895 , Wilde in his own words would be interpreted as utterly clear evidence in his scandalous libel and criminal suits that gradually sent him to jail and eventually ended his career. This unfortunate incident did not erase his legacy. His criticism and notes have shaped the society than any other author or poet. Most noticeably, it testifies to the epigrammatic memorability of his statements and declaration and acknowledges the fact that his life meant a personality and a collection of texts and ideas. He fearlessly explored art in relation to everyday life offering unique grounds for examining or testing sexual and social culture during the Victorian era. In 1887’s October issue of the â€Å"lady’s world† the prospectus pointed out the changed names of editors of the November issue. The editors who were listed included Marie Corelli, Olive Schreiner, Mathilde Blind as well as Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Lady Wilde. In addition, Oscar persuaded som e of the well-known writers to contribute to the witting one of them being Arthur Symons. Arthur’s first essay was on one of the major symbols in the symbolist movement â€Å"Villiers de I ‘isle Adam† which came out after Wilde left the magazine. Wilde was a determined editor of theâ€Å"woman’s world† but his enthusiasm progressively reduced over the following periods. He gradually became less functional arriving late leaving early, and generally handling at his letters carelessly and giving excuses and makeup promises to his failures (Dierkes-Thrun, 2012). Oscar Wilde’s assistant editor Arthur fish viewed the â€Å"woman’s world† magazine as to be the finest with exclusive appeal and attraction to women that was ever been published. The â€Å"woman’s world† editors manage to secure brilliant contributors producing a high level of literary content ever attained by a publishing company of its kind. Articles did not only concentrated on fashion but also devoted to distinguish or bring out women, women’s suffrage and historical events (Wilde & Murray 2000, p. 98). Arthur fish always expressed his sympathy on the views of the â€Å"woman’s world† writers revealing a liberality of thoughts regarding the political aspirations and ambitions of women that were without a doubt sincere.  Ã‚